Candida infection, also called candidiasis or yeast infection, is a type of fungus that is the single biggest cause of fungal infection worldwide. A Candida infection can occur in any part of the body. This fungus can live on all surfaces of the skin. The numbers of this fungus usually thrive in warm and moist areas. When these fungi multiply in more quantities than normal, the problem of candida infection arises.

How does it spread?

Candidiasis is caused by a species of yeast called Candida albicans, but other species of Candida can also cause infection. Candida infection spreads through the bloodstream to other parts of the body. Candida problems are caused by taking more antibiotics, consuming more sugar, having a high carbohydrate diet, drinking more alcohol, and having a weak immune system. In order to cure a Candida infection or yeast infection and to find the right treatment for it, it is very important to get a thorough examination of the condition. If candidiasis infection is left untreated, it can lead to systemic infection, which may adversely affect other parts of the body.

Types of Candida infection

There are mainly four types of candida infection-

• Oral Thrush
• Candida infection on the skin
• Yeast infection in the vagina
• Nail fungus (fungal infection of the nail)

Symptoms of Candida infection

The symptoms of Candida infection may vary from person to person. They mainly depend on the location of the skin.

Oral candida infection or oral thrush-

This condition is also called thrush. In this, sticky spots appearing red below and white above start forming on the tongue, palate and other parts of the mouth. These spots sometimes appear like a stain made from milk or curd. But they cannot be cleaned so easily. As easily as the spots made from milk or curd are cleaned. Thrush can also become a painful condition which may cause difficulty in eating food. A person suffering from thrush should always stay hydrated. This infection can also cause the tongue to become completely red.

Candida infection on the skin-

One of the main symptoms of Candida infection is persistent and intense itching of the skin. Some other symptoms of this infection are red rashes on the skin, whose size keeps increasing continuously. Rashes occur in skin folds such as the genitals, buttocks, under the breasts and other parts of the skin. Infection occurs in the follicles, which start to appear like pimples.

Candida infection in the vagina-

Having a candida infection in the vagina develops the following symptoms:

• Severe itching in the vagina.
• Swelling and redness in the vagina or vulva (outer part of the vagina).
• Pain and burning sensation while urinating.
• Pain during sexual intercourse.
• A thick white discharge from the vagina.

Candida infection in nails-

Candida causes infection in the nails and cuticles, as well as in the corners of the mouth. The symptoms of which are as follows-

• Thinning or thickening of the nail.
• The nail becomes very fragile and breaks on its own.
• Fraying or roughness of the nail.
• The shape of the nail is crooked or distorted, yellow, brownish, or discolored white nails.
• Appearance of yellow spots on the underside of the nail.

Causes of Candida infection

Causes of Oral thrush-

• Weakening of immunity.
• Bacteria and fungi.
• Skin infections caused by candida
• Hot and humid weather.
• Tight clothes.
• Not changing undergarments.
• Obesity.
• Weakening of the immune system due to diabetes, pregnancy, and other medical conditions.
• Humid skin.
• Use of corticosteroids or other drugs that affect the immune system.

Causes of Candida infection in vagina-

Normally, balanced levels of yeast and bacteria are present in a woman's vagina, but a disturbance of this balance causes candidiasis. In general, the Lactobacillus bacteria create an environment that does not encourage the overgrowth of yeast. But if the yeast becomes dominant, then the symptoms of yeast infection can emerge.

Vaginal candida infection is not a sexually transmitted infection (STI) but can be spread through physical contact. This infection is very common in women.

Causes of Candida infection in nails-

There are many types of fungal microorganisms that cause fungal infections in the nails. These germs usually seep in through small cuts in the skin or if the empty space between the nail and the base (nail bed) under it. When the fungus in the nail gets a favorable environment with warmth and moisture, it starts growing.

Methods for Prevention of Candida infection

• Wear loose-fitting cotton underwear.
• Don't wear tight pants.
• Eat sugar and sugary foods in moderation.
• Don't drink alcohol.
• Change birth control pills. If you have frequent infections, ask your doctor to make changes to your birth control pills.
• Maintain oral hygiene. Keep brushing and flossing (cleaning teeth with thread) regularly. Keep changing your toothbrush regularly until the infection is cured.
• Keep the dentures clean. Seek help from a doctor to clean dentures properly and to prevent recurrent infections.
• If someone has got a cold or flu, don't take antibiotics because colds and flu are caused by viruses. Therefore, taking antibiotics does not cure it, but the risk of getting candidiasis infection increases.

Risk factors for Candida infection

The risk of candidiasis increases in the following situations-

• If the person uses antibiotics, corticosteroids, or both.
• There is an increased risk of vaginal yeast infection in pregnancy.
• Using hormonal contraceptives or contraceptive devices also increases the chance of vaginal yeast infection.
• Uncontrolled diabetes.
• Being immunocompromised.
• Poor diet and lack of sleep can also increase the risk of this infection.
• The problem of candidiasis can increase if you are more ill.
• If the patient is undergoing treatment for HIV, AIDS or cancer.
• Weakened immunity of the patient.

Home remedies for Candida infection

Salt water-

Salt has antiseptic, cleansing, and pain-reducing properties. Therefore, put half a teaspoon of salt in a cup of lukewarm water and rinse the mouth well.

Curd-

Curd contains probiotics that have good bacteria that help in treating candidiasis infections of the mouth. Curd proves beneficial even if there is difficulty in swallowing due to ulcers or sores in the throat or mouth because it is a soft food item.

Coconut oil-

Coconut oil has antifungal properties that help to provide relief from Candida infection. Therefore, using coconut oil can be of great help during candidiasis.

When to go to the doctor?

Most cases of candida infection do not require hospitalization for treatment, but people who have weak immunity do. They can get serious candidiasis infections. In such a situation, the patient needs to be admitted to the hospital. If yeast infection is associated with the following conditions, then see a doctor as soon as possible-

• Pregnancy.
• Taking antibiotics or steroids for a long time.
• Diabetes, etc.

There are more bacteria than cells in the human body. Most of them live in the skin and bowels, and the majority of them are not contagious or harmful. Many types of bacteria are essential for good health. But, sometimes they can cause infection. Bacterial infections can affect the throat, lungs, skin, bowels, and many other parts. Some infections are mild, and some are severe. These are usually treated with antibiotics. Bacterial infections can be highly contagious. That's why you should wash your hands with soap, cover your mouth with a cloth when sneezing and coughing, and avoid sharing cups or drinking bottles.

Types of Bacterial Infections

Bacterial infections are of the following types-

Bacterial Infection of the Skin-

Several types of bacteria cause skin infections. These infections include cellulitis, folliculitis, and infections called impetigo. These infections are treated with antibiotics, depending on the type of bacteria.

Bacterial Infections Related to Food-

Bacterial infection is also one of the many causes of food related problems. Bacterial infections can occur due to poor eating habits. Food items such as raw fish, meat, and eggs can cause bacterial infections and may cause diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever, chills, and abdominal pain.

Sexually Related Bacterial Infections-

Many sex-related infections are also caused by bacteria. Sometimes these infections have no obvious symptoms, but they can cause fertility problems.

Symptoms of a Bacterial Infection

The following are the common symptoms of bacterial infection-

Fever is common with bacterial infections. Fever may also be accompanied by chills, tremors, and ringing in the teeth.

Swelling of the lymph nodes may also occur with a bacterial infection. This swelling often occurs at the site of the infection.

Bacterial infections can cause sore throats, which can lead to trouble swallowing.

Bacterial infections can lead to pneumonia, which has symptoms such as dry cough and breathlessness.

Bacterial infections can lead to food poisoning, which causes abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.

Bacterial infections can cause urinary tract infections, which can cause frequent and painful urination and an urgent need to urinate.

Causes of Bacterial Infection

Disease-causing bacteria are classified into four groups according to their size. These four main groups are as follows-

Bacillus-

Bacillus are rod-shaped bacteria with a length of about 0.03 mm. Bacillus causes diseases such as typhoid and cystitis.

Cauchy-

Cauchy is a ball-shaped bacteria with a diameter of about 0.001 mm. Depending on the type, Cauchy bacteria group themselves into a variety of groups, such as pairs, long lines, or clusters.

Spirochetes-

The spirochetes are bacteria shaped like small circles. These bacteria cause many diseases, including the sexually transmitted infection, syphilis.

Vibrio-

Vibrio is a comma-shaped bacteria. Cholera (cholera, visuica), which is accompanied by severe diarrhea and dehydration, is caused by the Vibrio bacteria.

Protection against Bacterial Infection

You can take the following measures to reduce the risk of bacterial infection-

Prevention of foodborne bacterial infections-

Prevention of physical and bacterial infection-

Modern treatment methods for Bacterial Infection

The discovery of antibiotics is considered the most important medical breakthrough in history. Unfortunately, bacteria are very adaptable and overuse of antibiotics has made them resistant to many antibiotics. There are a variety of antibiotics available to treat bacterial infections, and the right antibiotic for you is chosen by your doctor based on a variety of factors, such as the site of infection and the type of bacteria causing the infection.

Some antibiotics are better at treating some types of infections than others. To make sure you receive the right treatment, your doctor may take a sample of mucus or urine from your throat to identify the type of bacteria.

Home Remedies for Bacterial Infection

Turmeric-

Turmeric is not only used in cuisines. Rather, it is also used to heal the wounds of the body. It has anti-inflammatory and antibiotic properties, which not only provide relief from many bacterial infections but can also prevent the infection from spreading.

Tea tree oil-

Tea tree oil is used in many cosmetic products. Tea tree oil has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties that help to eliminate infections caused by Staphylococcus bacteria.

Basil-

Tulsi is commonly used by people to get relief from many problems. Tulsi leaves provide relief from problems like swelling, itching, redness, and bacterial infections. For this, you only have to chew basil leaves. Apart from this, you can also use basil leaves according to your preference.

Apple cider vinegar-

Apple cider vinegar has antifungal and antibacterial properties that can help you get relief from bacterial infections.

Aloe vera-

Aloe vera proves to be effective from skin to hair and also for bacterial infections. It has antibacterial properties, which can eliminate many problems from their root.

When to go to the doctor?

See a doctor immediately if you notice swelling in the eyes, neck, or groin.

• Fever
• Inflammation of the lymph nodes
• Sore throat
• Pneumonia
• Food poisoning
• Urine Infection
  • Wash your hands frequently.
  • Use antibacterial soap and warm water to wash your hands.
  • Clean frequently used items in your home and office.
  • Stay away from anyone who seems sick.
  • Learn about harmful intestinal bacteria and their symptoms.
  • Be aware of food and water pollution in your vicinity.
  • Keep your hands clean while preparing food.
  • Wash and cook your food thoroughly.
  • Do not eat anything that smells bad or looks bad.
  • Take measures to reduce your risk of developing vaginitis (an inflammation of the vagina caused by bacteria, viruses, or chemicals in creams, soaps, or lotions).
  • Protect yourself from sore throats. This reduces your risk of developing pneumonia.
  • Reduce your child's risk of developing ear infections.
  • Learn how to lower your chances of developing a blood infection (sepsis).

Diabetes is a disease that occurs when blood sugar is too high, and this can be caused by insulin resistance (type 2 diabetes) or an inability to produce insulin (type 1 diabetes).

Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in childhood. In contrast, type 2 diabetes can develop at any age but is more common in the older population.

Early Signs of Diabetes

• Excessive thirst and increased urinationExcessive thirst and increased urination are common signs of diabetes. When you are suffering from diabetes, excess glucose builds up in your blood. Your kidneys are forced to work hard to filter and absorb the excess glucose. When your kidneys can’t keep up, the excess glucose is excreted into your urine, dragged along by the tissues, which makes you dehydrated. This will usually leave you feeling thirsty, and as you drink more fluids to quench your thirst, you will urinate even more.
• Develop urinary tract, yeast or vaginal infections frequently Sometimes, OB-GYNs help to diagnose diabetes based on an increased frequency of vaginal infections or yeast infections. Diabetes causes changes in the immune system that can increase the risk of developing other infections. Irregular menstrual cycles or miscarriages can also be signs of diabetes.
• Experience occasional blurred vision Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to a condition called diabetic retinopathy, which affects your vision. High blood sugar draws fluid from your tissues, including the lenses of your eyes. This affects your ability to focus. Eye doctors sometimes play a role in helping to diagnose diabetes because of the visual symptoms that can arise. Left untreated, diabetes can cause new blood vessels to form in your retina (the black part of your eye) and damage established vessels, which leads to vision loss and blindness.
• Slow-healing sores or frequent infections High blood sugar levels can lead to poor circulation of blood and interfere with your body's natural healing process. Due to this, people with diabetes may notice slow-healing sores, especially on the feet. In women with diabetes, bladder and vaginal infections may occur most often.
• Experience unintentional weight lossMany people want to lose weight, but the weight loss that occurs when you have uncontrolled diabetes is not a healthy way to lose weight. It happens because your body can’t properly use insulin to help process glucose (a sugar found in your food), so your body starts to process fat and muscles for fuel.
• Tingling hands and feetToo much glucose in your blood can affect how your nerves work. You may feel tingling and loss of feeling in your hands and feet, and a burning pain in your arms, hands, legs, and feet.
• Red, swollen, tender gums Diabetes may weaken your ability to fight germs, which increases the risk of infections in your gums and in the bones that hold your teeth in place. Your gums may pull away from your teeth, which may become loose, or you may develop sores or pockets filled with pus in your gums, especially if you have gingivitis before diabetes develops.
• Skin discolorationInsulin resistance can cause dark spots (acanthosis nigricans), which are usually found in the folds of the neck, armpits, or groin. This dark skin can appear lifted and have a velvety texture.
• FatigueWhen your blood sugar level is high, your body works hard to get rid of the excess sugar. This process not only affects your body but also changes the way your body uses glucose for energy. Blood sugar that is too high, or hyperglycemia, has exhausting effects, among other symptoms. In addition, dehydration, which is associated with increased urination, is a common cause of fatigue in people with diabetes.
• Increase in appetiteWhen glucose is pulled from the body's cells, the body's energy level drops. This in turn triggers a hunger response. So, even if a person eats right, the inability to regulate blood sugar does not match the cellular energy levels in the body. In simple terms, the body does not receive the required energy even after eating, and thus signals more energy and the person feels hungry.

When to visit a doctor?

You should call your doctor if you have high blood sugar throughout the day, if you find that your blood sugar is always high at the same time, or if you are experiencing the symptoms mentioned in this blog, a lot more than usual.

अटैक्सिया या गतिभंग एक ऐसी बीमारी होती है। जिससे पीड़ित व्यक्ति किसी भी प्रकार का काम करने में असमर्थ रहता है। आमतौर पर यह स्थिति मांसपेशियों में नियंत्रण में कमी के कारण होता है। जिससे व्यक्ति को कई शारीरिक एवं मानसिक समस्याओं जैसेचलना, फिरना, स्पष्ट रूप से बोलना, भोजन को निगलना, वस्तुओं को उठाना और अन्य गतिविधियों को करने में कठिनाई का सामना करना पड़ता है।

आमतौर पर गतिभंग मस्तिष्क के उस हिस्से को पंहुचे नुकसान का परिणाम होता है, जो मांसपेशियों के समन्वय (सेरिबैलम) को नियंत्रित करता है। यह मुख्य रूप से शराब के अधिक सेवन, कुछ दवाओं के अधिक सेवन, स्ट्रोक, ट्यूमर, सेरेब्रल पाल्सी, मस्तिष्क अध: पतन और मल्टीपल स्केलेरोसिस जैसी विभिन्न स्थितियों के परिणामस्वरूप होता है। इसके अलावा वंशानुगत दोषपूर्ण जीन भी इस स्थिति का कारण बन सकते हैं।

अटैक्सिया (गतिभंग) के प्रकार

शरीर के प्रभावित अंगों के आधार पर गतिभंग के मुख्य रूप से तीन प्रकार होते हैं। यह सेंसरी, सेरेबेलर और वेस्टिबुलर गतिभंग हैं-

• सेंसरी अटैक्सिया इस प्रकार का गतिभंग सोमाटोसेंसरी तंत्रिका तंत्र को नुकसान के कारण होता है। यह आमतौर पर दृष्टि और श्रवण जैसे संवेदी प्रतिक्रिया को प्रभावित करता है। जिससे समन्वय बनाए रखना मुश्किल हो जाता है।
• सेरेबेलर अटैक्सिया इस प्रकार के गतिभंग के लक्षण तब दिखाई देते हैं जब अनुमस्तिष्क (मस्तिष्क का वह भाग जो समन्वय को नियंत्रित करता है) में क्षति होती है।
• वेस्टिबुलर अटैक्सिया-इस प्रकार का अटैक्सिया वेस्टिबुलर सिस्टम अर्थात कान के आतंरिक हिस्सों को प्रभावित करते हैं। जिससे चक्कर आना, मतली और सीधी रेखा में चलने में कठिनाई जैसे लक्षण नजर आते हैं।

अटैक्सिया के लक्षण-

अटैक्सिया के कुछ सामान्य लक्षण निम्नलिखित हैं-

• स्पष्ट रूप से बोलने में कठिनाई होना। खड़े होने और चलने में परेशानी होना।
• संतुलन और समन्वय खो देना।
• भोजन को चबाने और निगलने में कठिनाई महसूस करना।
• हाथों या पैरों का असंतुलन (आपसी तालमेल न) होना।
• आंखों की गतिविधिया स्वयं होना।
• हृदय विकार।
• फेफड़ों में संक्रमण होना।
• झटके आना।

अटैक्सिया रोग में, तंत्रिका तंत्र का एक विशेष भाग क्षतिग्रस्त या निष्क्रिय हो जाता है। सेरेबेलर अटैक्सिया नामक सबसे आम प्रकार अनुमस्तिष्क में पाया जाता है। सेंसरी गतिभंग, जो रीढ़ और परिधीय तंत्रिका तंत्र को प्रभावित करता है। साथ ही वेस्टिबुलर गतिभंग, जो आंतरिक कान और श्रवण नलिकाओं को प्रभावित करता है।

क्या अटैक्सिया को रोका जा सकता है?

वैसे तो अटैक्सिया का कोई इलाज नहीं है लेकिन उचित उपचार से लक्षणों को कम या प्रबंधित किया जा सकता है। अटैक्सिया होने के पीछे कई संभावित कारण हैं और यह किसी भी उम्र में हो सकता है। हालांकि, एक स्वस्थ जीवन शैली और अपने दिनचर्या में बदलाव करके स्ट्रोक और कैंसर सहित गतिभंग से जुड़ी कुछ स्थितियों के जोखिम को भी कम किया जा सकता है।

अटैक्सिया के कारण-

मस्तिष्क के उन हिस्सों में तंत्रिका कोशिकाओं की क्षति या हानि, जो मांसपेशियों के समन्वय (सेरिबैलम) को नियंत्रित करती है। अटैक्सिया यानी गतिभंग का कारण बनते हैं। सामान्यतः सेरिबैलम ब्रेनस्टेम के पास मस्तिष्क के आधार पर स्थित ऊतक के दो मुड़े हुए टुकड़ों से बना होता है। मस्तिष्क का यह क्षेत्र संतुलन, आंखों की गति, निगलने और बोलने में मदद करता है। रीढ़ की हड्डी और सेरिबैलम को मांसपेशियों से जोड़ने वाली परिधीय नसों को नुकसान पहुंचाने वाले रोग भी अटैक्सिया का कारण बन सकते हैं। अटैक्सिया होने के प्रमुख कारण निम्नलिखित हैं-

• सिर की चोट सिर पर चोट लगने से मस्तिष्क या रीढ़ की हड्डी को नुकसान पहुंचता है, जो किसी वाहन दुर्घटना में हो सकता है। यह अचानक और तीव्र सेरेबेलर अटैक्सिया का कारण बनता है।
• स्ट्रोकमस्तिष्क में रुकावट या रक्तस्राव से गतिभंग हो सकता है। यह स्थिति तब होती है, जब मस्तिष्क के कुछ हिस्सों में रक्त का प्रवाह बंद या गंभीर रूप से कम हो जाता है। जिससे मस्तिष्क के ऊतकों में ऑक्सीजन और पोषक तत्वों की कमी हो जाती है। इसके परिणामस्वरूप मस्तिष्क की कोशिकाएं मर जाती हैं।
• सेरेब्रल पाल्सी-आमतौर पर यह बीमारी बच्चों के मस्तिष्क के प्रारंभिक विकास के दौरान, जन्म से पहले, जन्म के दौरान या उसके तुरंत बाद के नुकसान के कारण होता है। जो बच्चों के शरीर की गतिविधियों को नियंत्रण करने वाली क्षमताओं को प्रभावित करता है।
• ऑटोइम्यून रोग- मल्टीपल स्केलेरोसिस, सारकॉइडोसिस, सीलिएक रोग और अन्य ऑटोइम्यून रोग अटैक्सिया का कारण बनते हैं।
• पैरानियोप्लास्टिक सिंड्रोमयह एक दुर्लभ, अपक्षयी बीमारी है, जो प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली की एक घातक ट्यूमर (नियोप्लाज्म) की प्रतिक्रिया के कारण होती है। आमतौर पर यह फेफड़े, डिम्बग्रंथि, स्तन या लिम्फ कैंसर है। इसलिए कैंसर के निदान के महीनों या वर्षों पहले गतिभंग हो सकता है।
• मस्तिष्क में असामान्यताएंमस्तिष्क में एक संक्रमित अंग (फोड़ा) गतिभंग का कारण बनता है। मस्तिष्क में कैंसर (घातक) या गैर-कैंसरयुक्त वृद्धि सेरिबैलम को नुकसान पहुंचाती है।
• ऑटोइम्यून रोग- मल्टीपल स्केलेरोसिस, सारकॉइडोसिस, सीलिएक रोग और अन्य ऑटोइम्यून रोग अटैक्सिया का कारण बनते हैं।
• मस्तिष्क में असामान्यताएंमस्तिष्क में एक संक्रमित अंग (फोड़ा) गतिभंग का कारण बनता है। मस्तिष्क में कैंसर (घातक) या गैर-कैंसरयुक्त वृद्धि सेरिबैलम को नुकसान पहुंचाती है।
• विषाक्त प्रतिक्रिया- गतिभंग कुछ दवाओं का एक संभावित दुष्प्रभाव है। जिसमें विशेष रूप से बार्बिटुरेट्स जैसे फेनोबार्बिटोल; बेंज़ोडायजेपाइन जैसे शामक एंटी एपिलेप्टिक जैसे फ़िनाइटोइन और कुछ प्रकार की कीमोथेरेपी शामिल हैं। साथ ही विटामिन बी-6 विषाक्तता भी अटैक्सिया का कारण बनती है। इसके अलावा यदि आप कुछ दवाएं ले रहे हैं, वह भी उम्र से संबंधित समस्याएं पैदा कर सकती हैं।
• शराब और नशीली दवाओं की विषाक्तता-सीसा या पारा जैसी अधिक धातु विषाक्तता और विलायक विषाक्तता जैसे कि पेंट थिनर, भी गतिभंग का कारण बनता है।
• विटामिन ई, विटामिन बी-12, या थायमिन की कमीइन विटामिनों का पर्याप्त मात्रा में सेवन करने में असमर्थता, शराब के दुरुपयोग या अन्य कारणों से इन पोषक तत्वों की कमी का होना भी अटैक्सिया का कारण बनता है।
• थायराइडहाइपोथायरायडिज्म और हाइपरथायरायडिज्म गतिभंग का कारण बन सकता है।
• कोविड 19 संक्रमणयह संक्रमण गतिभंग का कारण बन सकता है। लेकिन आमतौर पर यह बहुत गंभीर मामलों में होता है।

अटैक्सिया के उपचार-

अटैक्सिया के उपचार रोग के कारण पर निर्भर करता है। यदि अटैक्सिया किसी अन्य बीमारी का लक्षण है, तो अंतर्निहित बीमारी का इलाज किया जाना चाहिए। अंतर्निहित बीमारी का इलाज करने से लक्षणों को कम करने में मदद मिलती है।

उदाहरण के लिए, यदि किसी व्यक्ति को अटैक्सिया होने का मुख्य कारण स्ट्रोक है, तो इस स्थिति में उसका एकाधिक स्क्लेरोसिस के लिए सहायता दी जाती है। विटामिन की कमी के लिए विटामिन की खुराक लिया जाता है। यदि कोई सीलिएक रोग से पीड़ित है, तो उसे ग्लूटेन को खत्म करने के लिए ग्लूटेन मुक्त आहार लेने के लिए सलाह दिया जाता है। इसके अतिरिक्त कभी-कभी व्यक्ति को विशेषज्ञ से परामर्श लेने की आवश्यकता होती है जो लक्षणों का कारण बनने वाली स्थिति का इलाज करता है।

• दवाएं- रिलुज़ोल, वरेनिक्लिन और एमान्टाडीन ऐसी दवाएं होती हैं, जो व्यक्ति की चाल और कंपकंपी में सुधार के लिए संतोषजनक परिणाम प्रदान करती हैं।
• फिजिकल थेरेपी-फिजिकल थेरेपी चाल या गति नियंत्रण पर काम करती है। इसलिए अटैक्सिया से पीड़ित लोगों के जीवन की गुणवत्ता में सुधार करने में बेहद लाभकारी होता है।

कब जाएं डॉक्टर के पास?

यदि बिना किसी स्पष्ट कारण के गतिभंग के लक्षणों का अनुभव करते हैं, तो अपने डॉक्टर से तुरंत सलाह लें। वह इस बीमारी के स्पष्ट कारण का पता लगाने में मदद करते हैं। साथ ही उस आधार पर उपचार शुरू करते हैं। निम्नलिखित कुछ लक्षणों को नजरअंदाज़ न करके तुरंत डॉक्टर से परामर्श लें-

• समन्वय या संतुलन में कमी महसूस करना।
• चलने में अधिक कठिनाई महसूस करना।
• अस्पष्ट बात करना या निगलने में परेशानी होना।

Gangrene is a serious condition that occurs when a lack of blood flow or a severe bacterial infection causes the death of body tissues. It can affect any part of the body, including muscles and internal organs, but it usually begins in the extremities, including the toes, fingers, and limbs.

Gangrene is a serious condition that can lead to limb amputation and even death. Therefore, urgent medical attention is required to stop the spread of death of body tissue as rapidly as possible.

Types of Gangrene

• Dry gangreneDry gangrene is characterized by dry, wrinkled skin and may be recognised as brown to purplish-blue to black in color. It has a slower onset and is most often associated with arterial disease such as atherosclerosis or diabetes.
• Wet gangreneWet gangrene almost always involves a bacterial infection of the affected tissue. It can develop from a severe burn or trauma where a body part is crushed or compressed. This can quickly cut off the blood supply to the affected area, leading to tissue death and an increased risk of infection.Wet gangrene infection can spread quickly throughout the body and can be fatal, making it a very serious and life-threatening condition if not treated promptly. This is common in diabetics who unknowingly injure their toes or feet.
• Gas gangreneGas gangrene is rare but very dangerous and occurs when an infection develops deep in the body, such as in muscles or organs, usually as a result of trauma.It is caused by infection with the bacterium clostridium perfringens, which produces a toxin that releases gas. It develops with an injury or surgical wound that bleeds. Gas gangrene can also be life-threatening.
• Internal gangreneInternal gangrene affects one or more organs, such as the intestines, gallbladder or appendix. This type occurs when blood flow to internal organs is blocked.For example, when the intestines protrude into the abdomen through areas of weakened and twisted muscles.
• Fournier’s gangreneThis type of gangrene usually occurs due to an infection in the genitals or urinary tract. It is more common in men but can also affect women.

Symptoms of Gangrene

If the skin is affected or the gangrene is close to the skin, symptoms may include

• Changes in skin color or skin discoloration.
• Skin that feels cold or cold skin.
• Fever.
• Swelling and pain at the site of infection.
• Foul smelling pus leaking from blisters.
• Glossy skin.
• A pop-up sound that comes from the affected area when pressed.

If a bacterial infection originating in gangrenes tissue spreads throughout the body, in some cases, it can cause septic shock. Symptoms of septic shock includes-

• Low blood pressure.
• Shortness of breath.
• Confusion.
• Rapid heart rate.
• Dizziness.
• Fever.

Causes of Gangrene

Gangrene may occur due to-

• Lack of blood supply.
• Trauma.
• Infection.

Risk factors of Gangrene

Risk factors may include

• Diabetes.
• Blood vessel disease.
• Severe injury.
• Obesity.
• Surgery.
• Having HIV.
• Smoking.

Diagnosis of Gangrene

To make a diagnosis, the doctor will perform the following tests-

• Blood tests to detect certain bacteria or other germs. Abnormally high white blood cells count usually indicates an infection.
• Imaging tests include computed tomography (CT) scan, X-ray or a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan to look at body structures, such as internal organs, blood vessels, or bones, and to check how much the gangrene has spread.
• Fluid or tissue culture to examine for the bacterium clostridium perfringens.
• In some cases, surgery may be performed to check the extent of spread.

Treatment for Gangrene

Treatment options may depend on the severity of the gangrene. Tissue damaged by gangrene usually cannot be saved, but steps can be taken to slow the progression of your condition. These include-

• Antibiotics are given intravenously or taken orally.
• Surgery to remove dead tissue, which stops gangrene from spreading and allows healthy tissue to heal.
• Skin grafts can be used to repair skin damage caused by gangrene. This can happen when the damaged skin is supplied with sufficient blood again.
• In severe cases, amputation of the affected body part may be necessary.
• Hyperbaric oxygen therapy may be used. In this type of treatment, you are placed in a specially constructed chamber filled with oxygen at a higher pressure than the outside air. The theory is that blood is rich in oxygen, which slows the growth of bacteria and helps infected wounds to heal faster.

When to see a doctor?

To stop the spread of tissue death as quickly as possible, gangrene requires urgent medical attention.

Bacterial vaginosis is a type of vaginal infection caused by an overgrowth of bacteria in the vagina. This condition is also known as Gardnerella vaginitis and is caused by Gardnerella bacteria. This bacteria is responsible for causing vaginal infections. However, many species of bacteria live naturally in the vagina and their overgrowth or imbalance can lead to an infection called bacterial vaginosis (BV), which results in vaginal discharge. This infection is mostly found in pregnant women. Often, this infection is caused by having sexual intercourse with a new partner.

Bacterial vaginosis is not considered a sexually transmitted infection because it occurs even in women or girls who have never had sexual intercourse. Sexually transmitted infections are those infections that are transmitted through sexual activity.

Causes of Bacterial Vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis is caused by an imbalance of the bacterial flora naturally found in the vagina. This is a common bacteria found in a woman's vagina. Bacterial vaginosis can also be caused by other reasons, such as

• Using water or a medicated solution to clean the vagina
• Taking a bath with antiseptic fluids
• Having sexual intercourse with someone new
• Having intercourse with multiple partners
• Using a perfumed bubble bath, vaginal deodorant, or scented soaps.
• Smoking
• Washing the undergarments with harsh detergent

Symptoms of Bacterial Vaginosis

The symptoms of bacterial vaginosis are as follows-

Most women who are infected with bacterial vaginosis do not show any symptoms. Some women may experience some symptoms, which include vaginal discharge, burning, itching, etc. Vaginal discharge may be thin, gray in color or white and foul-smelling and sometimes a burning sensation during urination and itching around the vagina may also be experienced.

Prevention Methods for Bacterial Vaginosis

The following are the measures to prevent bacterial vaginosis-

• Always practice safe sexual intercourse using a condom.
• The use of chemical soaps in the vagina can kill normal or good bacteria, which increases the risk of infection. So avoid using it.
• Use only lukewarm water to clean the vagina.
• Bacterial vaginosis can cause many problems in pregnancy, it is therefore essential to keep the private parts clean in order to keep infections away, keeping mother and child healthy.

Treatment methods for bacterial vaginosis

Antibiotics are effective in 90 percent of infections, but bacterial vaginosis recurs after a few weeks. Bacterial vaginosis often goes away without treatment, but if you are experiencing symptoms, you should seek treatment to avoid complications. Men don't need treatment, but they can transfer the infection to women during intercourse. Some doctors suggest that bacterial vaginosis surgery should be performed before surgery for abortion or hysterectomy, whether or not symptoms are present.

Metronidazole is the most commonly used antibiotic for bacterial vaginosis. If a woman is pregnant or lactating, taking metronidazole twice a day for seven days provides relief from bacterial vaginosis. A normal woman should take metronidazole once a day for seven days during this infection. Metronidazole, available as a gel, should be applied regularly to the vaginal area once a day for five days. However, it should be taken only after taking advice from a doctor.

Home remedies for bacterial vaginosis

Here are some home remedies to help overcome the problem of bacterial vaginosis-

• Apple cider vinegar-Apple cider vinegar is a great home remedy for bacterial vaginosis. Due to its acidic nature, apple cider vinegar helps to increase vaginal acidity. This makes it difficult for harmful bacteria to survive and creates a better environment for good bacteria to thrive. To avoid bacterial vaginosis, add one or two cups of apple cider vinegar to your bath water. Then sit in this water for 20 minutes. After this, dry the vaginal area thoroughly. Do this remedy once a day till the condition improves.
• Curd-Curd is one of the most common home remedies for bacterial vaginosis. Curd contains beneficial bacteria called Lactobacillus. This helps fight harmful bacteria and maintain a healthy vaginal pH balance. Soak a cotton pad in curd and apply it to the affected area, leaving it for at least half an hour. Then wash this part thoroughly with fresh water. Repeat this remedy thrice a day until its symptoms are gone. Apart from this, eat at least two small cups of curd a day to keep the pH balance of the vagina normal and reduce the growth of bad bacteria.
• Tea tree oil-Tea tree oil has natural antibacterial as well as antifungal properties that help kill the bacteria that cause bacterial vaginosis. Apart from this, it is also helpful in removing foul vaginal odor. To do this, mix two tablespoons of tea tree oil in a small bowl of warm water. Then wash the vagina thoroughly with this mixture. Continue this for three to four weeks.
• Garlic-Garlic, being a natural antibiotic, helps in treating bacterial vaginosis. Apart from this, the antifungal properties present in it keep the bad bacteria in check. Crush three to four garlic cloves and apply them to the affected area. Leave it for about 20 minutes and then wash that area thoroughly with lukewarm water. Do this remedy for several months. Apart from this, consuming garlic regularly, either raw or cooked, is also beneficial.
• Fenugreek-Fenugreek is very beneficial for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. It boosts the immune system to improve the pH level in the vagina and accelerate the healing process. Soak two tablespoons of fenugreek in a glass of water overnight. In the morning, drink this water on an empty stomach. Follow this remedy for at least a month. Or mix one teaspoon of fenugreek powder in a cup of curd and take it twice a day until the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis subside.
• Milk-The presence of bacteria called lactobacilli in milk is an excellent natural remedy for bacterial vaginosis. In addition, milk helps strengthen the immune system. In the event of infection, dip a piece of cotton in cold milk and apply it to the vagina. Remove the cotton after keeping it for one to two hours. Do this remedy once a day for several days to get relief from symptoms. Alternatively, mix a teaspoon of turmeric powder into a glass of warm milk.
• Coconut oil-Coconut oil has natural antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties that help kill bacteria and prevent their recurrence. To improve your problem, apply organic coconut oil to the affected area three times a day or soak cotton in organic coconut oil and place it in the vagina. After a few hours, wash the vagina thoroughly with lukewarm water. Also, to boost your immune system and speed up the healing process, use coconut oil in cooking as much as possible.

When to go to the doctor?

Bacterial vaginosis is usually not serious and often goes away on its own. But in case you experience symptoms going worse, consult your doctor and treatment should start immediately.

Menarche is a medical term used to refer to the first menstrual period of a female adolescent. It is the result of interactions between the hypothalamic hormones, pituitary hormones, and ovarian hormones. It can also be affected by the thyroid, pancreatic, and adrenal hormones. Menarche signals the possibility of fertility and is associated with the development of secondary sexual characteristics.

Menarche doesn’t occur until all parts of a girl’s reproductive system have matured and are working together. It is abnormal for menarche to occur before the appearance of any secondary sexual development.

The first menstrual cycle of a young girl tends to be irregular and ovulatory. This means that there is no ovulation during this period. However, some girls can ovulate during their first period. Irregular menstruation is usually experienced by teenagers. It may take six years or more from the start of your first period for your periods to become regular.

It has been estimated that most girls will have ovulatory cycles within 5 years of menarche. Girls experience menarche at different ages, but the usual age is between 9-15 years.

In very rare cases, menarche can occur at an early age, either as a result of premature puberty or as a symptom of an endocrine disorder. If menarche does not occur 3 years after breast development or after 16 years of age, this delay is called primary amenorrhea.

Causes of Early Menarche-

Some social and environmental stress factors associated with early menarche may include-

• Childhood obesity.
• Being born at a low birth weight.
• Lack of exercise in childhood.
• Exposure to smoking.
• Experiencing preeclampsia during pregnancy.
• Absence of breastfeeding.
• Stress.

What can delay menarche?

Certain diseases and ailments can delay menarche, these include-

• Diabetes mellitus type 1.
• Asthma.
• Untreated celiac disease.
• Cystic fibrosis.
• Inflammatory diseases.

Late menarche is associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer, a decreased frequency of coronary artery disease, and a decreased incidence of teen pregnancy.

Symptoms of Menarche

• Emotional or moody behavior for no apparent reason.
• Bloating.
• Brownish fluid and blood flow start this way which becomes redder and heavier during a period.
• Abdominal cramps.

Diagnosis for Menarche

• If your child has early or late menarche, diagnosis is available to determine the cause of the problem.
• To diagnose early menarche, your doctor will ask some questions and run some tests to check the child’s hormones.
• For late menarche, evaluation of the ovarian and pituitary hormones can help in making a diagnosis.
• This can be done by a thorough history and a careful visual examination of the genitalia and a manual examination of the female reproductive organs.

When to see a doctor?

Schedule a medical checkup for your child-

• Has not started menstruating within three years of breast growth or by the age of 15.
• Breasts haven't started to grow by the age of 13.
• Has periods that last more than seven days.
• Has severe pain during periods.
• Bleeds between periods.
• Become sick or have a sudden fever after using a tampon.
• Having menstrual periods of more than 21 days or less than 45 days.
• Goes 3 months without a period after the start of menstruation.

Pneumococcal is a type of infection in the body which affects many parts of the body. It is mainly caused by bacteria called Streptococcus pneumoniae, also known as Pneumococcus. It is also caused by infection with pneumococcal microbes, certain drugs, and other diseases. This can lead to many diseases. Pneumonia is also caused by this bacterial infection. It can also be caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites. This causes a cough with mucus or pus, fever, chills, and shortness of breath & is a serious disease.

This disease can take a serious form if the symptoms are not recognized and treatment is not started on time. It is more harmful for infants, young people, people over the age of 70 and people with a weakened immune system.

Types of Pneumococcal disease

There are mainly two types of pneumococcal diseases which have further divisions. These are mentioned below

• Invasive Pneumococcal diseaseThis type of pneumococcal disease is considered a serious infection. In this, infection occurs inside any part of the body or in the blood. It includes many diseases which are as follows
• Septic ArthritisSeptic arthritis is an infection of the joints. This infection mainly reaches the joints through injury or infection in the blood due to which problems like pain, swelling and redness start arising in the joints which affects different joints of the body. It also causes unbearable pain.
• MeningitisThis infection occurs in the membrane covering the brain and spinal cord of a person.
• OsteomyelitisThis is a bone infection which spreads to the blood and its surrounding tissues as well as reaches the bones.
• BacteremiaThis is caused by bacteria present in the blood.
• SepticemiaSepticemia is an infection in the bloodstream, also known as blood poisoning. It usually occurs when bacterial infections in the body enter the blood through the lungs or skin.

Non Invasive Pneumococcal disease

• PneumoniaPneumonia is usually caused by a variety of bacteria. The most common of these is Streptococcus pneumoniae. This usually happens when the body is weak due to minor illness, nutritional deficiency, old age or problems with the body's immunity, etc. In this condition, the bacteria reaches the lungs. Bacterial pneumonia can affect people of all ages.
• Otitis mediaThis is an ear disease. A type of infection, which affects the middle part of the ear. In this condition, due to infection, the central part becomes swollen, due to which the person may have to face unbearable pain.
• SinusitisSinusitis is an infection in the sinuses that comes under the category of a serious problem. The problem of sinusitis occurs due to many reasons like- sinus infection, pollution, allergies, cold and bacterial infection etc.

Symptoms of pneumococcal disease

Some of the common symptoms caused by pneumococcus bacteria are as follows

Flu-like symptoms are felt when you have pneumococcal disease. These symptoms can develop slowly or rapidly.

• Fever with sweating and shivering.
• Suffering from a cough with mucus.
• Difficulty in breathing.
• Chest pain.
• Feeling uneasy.
• Loss of appetite.
• Weakness.
• Earache or discharge from the ears.
• Feeling delusional.
• Blood coming from the mucus while spitting.
• Redness or rash on the skin.
• Rapid heartbeat.

Under what circumstances can pneumococcal disease occur?

• Children below 2 years of age.
• Children under the age of 5 with pre-existing disease have an increased risk of developing pneumococcal disease.
• Excessive smoking poses a higher risk of getting this disease.
• People suffering from diabetes, cancer, lung cancer, kidney problems or any other chronic disease.
• People with 65 years of age or older.
• Long-term use of steroid medicines.
• People with a weak immune system can also be infected. This often causes pneumonia in people who already have AIDS.

Home remedies for Pneumococcal disease

• Steam inhalationSteam inhalation reduces infection. This also improves the breathing capacity of the patient. Steam reduces cough and also relieves chest tightness.
• Turmeric mixed with mustard oilMix turmeric powder in lukewarm mustard oil and massage the chest with this mixture.
• TurmericTurmeric is also helpful in relieving respiratory disorders. It reduces mucus, therefore, consuming turmeric powder in hot milk daily prevents pneumococcal disease.
• PeppermintPeppermint reduces irritation and mucus. Therefore, make tea using fresh mint leaves and drink it. Mint tea acts as a medicine for pneumonia.

Infection is common due to the change in weather due to which people easily catch infectious diseases such as cold, cough, or flu. Measles is also one of these infectious diseases that can happen to anyone. But in most cases, this infection is seen more in children than in the elderly and young people. This is an infection which cannot be ignored as a sign of changing weather.

Measles is a viral infection of the respiratory system that is easily transmitted from an infected person to an uninfected person by respiratory droplets. Red rashes appear all over the body of the affected person. In the initial stage, this red rash first occurs on the head and then gradually spreads to the entire body.

Stages of Measles

Measles occurs in four stages, from the beginning to the end. Usually this phase lasts for 2-3 weeks, but sometimes it can take up to 4 weeks for recovery in severe cases. These steps are described below

• Incubation phaseThe onset is the incubation phase. At this stage, the person comes into contact with the measles virus. Typically, this stage is 10 to 14 days before the symptoms of this infection start to appear.
• Prodromal catarrhalThe second stage of this disease is called prodromal. At this stage of measles, some of its initial symptoms are visible. Generally, symptoms like cold, cough, fever, nervousness, and conjunctivitis occur at this stage.
• Rash phaseMaculo-papular (flattened and red) rash appears 3-4 days after the prodromal phase. Along with this, the patient also experiences all the symptoms of the second stage. But this stage of measles is more painful and severe than the other two stages. During this, the patient also has a high fever (104 to 105).
• Recovery phaseThis stage of measles is considered the final stage. At this stage, the patient starts to recover. In this, symptoms like cold, cough, fever, etc., start to get better. Along with this, rashes or boils also start to reduce.

Symptoms of Measles

• High fever
• Headache
• Sore throat
• Constant runny nose
• Dry cough
• Swelling or redness in the eyes
• Small white colored blisters inside the mouth
• In the initial stages, a red rash starts behind the ear
• Muscle pain
• Koplik’s spots: small white spots surrounded by redness on the buccal mucosa

Causes of Measles

Measles is usually caused when a virus of the paramyxovirus family, i.e., small parasitic microbes, enters the body. The infected droplets are then spread into the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks without covering their mouth. The virus in the air droplets then enters the body through the breath of an uninfected person and infects it. After this, the virus attacks the cells present in the body. They also use cellular components to complete their life cycle. Its virus first infects the respiratory system. However, they spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream. In addition, measles can also be spread through contact with objects, such as toys or drinking glasses, that have been infected by a sick person.

Risk factors for Measles

• Children younger than 5 years of age are more prone to measles.
• People who have not had the measles vaccination.
• People with a weakened immune system.
• Those who often travel from one place to another.
• People with a deficiency of vitamin A.

Take these precautions in the case of Measles

• Relax completely.
• Avoid coming into contact with others.
• Do not use electronic devices like TVs, games, mobiles etc.
• Avoid eating spicy or junk food.
• Children should get two doses of the MMR vaccine, starting with the first dose at 12 to 15 months of age and the second dose at 4 through 6 years of age. Teens and adults should also be up to date on their MMR vaccination.

Home Remedies for Measles

• Neem leavesItching is a common symptom among patients with measles. In such a situation, neem leaves are beneficial to reduce itching due to their antibacterial and antifungal properties, which help in destroying the bacteria. For this, boil neem leaves in water and take a bath with this water.
• Drink lemonadeDrinking lemon water is also beneficial in the case of measles due to the presence of vitamin C, which helps to increase the immunity of the body. It also helps in providing relief against the symptoms of measles like cold, cough, restlessness etc.
• Coconut waterCoconut water is great for relieving measles. Medical research suggests that applying coconut water to the body can reduce the rash caused by measles. Apart from this, the consumption of coconut water is beneficial for patients with measles.
• Herbal teaHerbal tea is also a natural Ayurvedic remedy for measles. According to scientific research done on this, consumption of chamomile tea reduces the discomfort caused by measles. Along with this, the properties present in it help with the symptoms of measles, such as cold, fever, and runny nose. Thus, consumption of chamomile tea or any other herbal tea is beneficial for measles patients.
• Consume orange juiceConsume orange juice daily to reduce the symptoms of measles. In fact, oranges are rich in vitamins A and C, which strengthen the immune system. Also, according to research done on it, orange juice has an antiviral effect that reduces the symptoms of measles. Therefore, consumption of orange juice is beneficial.

When to go to the doctor?

See a doctor immediately if-

• Rashes appear on the body, accompanied by persistent fever.
• Difficulty in breathing.
• If symptoms of measles appear during pregnancy.

Spondylosis is a broad term indicating the degenerative changes of the spine. Cervical spondylosis is one of the most common conditions in today's time. It is a common age-related as well as posture related health condition which is known to affect the discs and joints of the spine. Spondylosis is also known as spine arthritis or spine osteoarthritis. Diseases associated with spondylosis usually result from regular wear and tear of the bones and cartilage of any part of the spine region. It affects more than 85% of people over the age of 60.

Causes of Spondylosis

The protective cartilage and bones present in the neck area are very susceptible to wear and tear in everyday life. This can lead to a condition called cervical spondylosis. Some of the possible causes of spondylosis are

• Bone spursOvergrowth of the bones in the neck or spine can be caused by the body trying to form some extra bone to make the spine stronger. However, additional bone growth can begin to put pressure on sensitive areas of the spine including the spinal cord, nerves and surrounding muscles, which can cause pain and discomfort while movement.
• Herniated discsThis occurs due to the development of tears in the spinal discs. These tears allow the leakage of inner material required for cushioning. This material can put pressure on the nerves and spinal cord, causing symptoms of spondylosis, including pain and numbness that radiates to the arms.
• Dehydrated spinal discsThe bones in the spine contain intervertebral discs between them. The discs are thick and paddy that helps in absorbing shock from twisting, lifting and other strenuous activities. The presence of a gel-like material between the spinal discs can dry out over time. This will cause the spinal vertebrae to rub against each other, which can cause severe pain. This process usually begins at the age of 40 years.
• InjuryIf you have a neck injury due to an accident or fall, it can accelerate the aging process of the spinal cord leading to spondylosis.

Risk Factors of Spondylosis

There are several risk factors that can make a person more likely to develop spondylosis. These include

• Someone who is older is more likely to be diagnosed with spondylosis than someone who is younger.
• People who are working that involve repetitive neck movements are more likely to develop spondylosis.
• A person with a history of neck injury also has a higher risk of developing spondylosis.
• People who smoke are at a higher risk of developing spondylosis.

Symptoms of Spondylosis

When symptoms of cervical spondylosis appear, they can range from mild to severe and can also develop gradually or even immediately.

One of the most common symptoms associated with cervical spondylosis is pain around the shoulder blades. Some people may also complain of having pain in the hands and fingers along with numbness. The pain in such cases can be exacerbated by standing, lifting heavy objects, constantly sitting, sneezing, bending the neck and other specific positions.

Some of the other common symptoms associated with cervical spondylosis can include

• Stiffness in neck muscles.
• Persistent headache that usually occurs at the back of the head.
• Numbness or tingling in the arms and shoulders.

Complications of Spondylosis

This condition may lead to

• Inability to hold stools (fecal incontinence) or urine (urinary incontinence).
• Loss of muscle function or sensation.
• Permanent disability.
• Poor balance.

Diagnosis of Spondylosis

When diagnosing spondylosis, it is important for the doctor to rule out the possibility of fibromyalgia. The diagnostic process to check for spondylosis includes special tests to determine the range of motion of the surrounding muscles, nerves, and bones.

Some of the typical tests used to diagnose cervical spondylosis include imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI scans, CT scans, EMG (electromyogram) and others.

Treatment for Spondylosis

Spondylosis treatment focuses on minimizing pain and reducing the risk of causing permanent damage. Here are some methods

• PhysiotherapyDepending on your symptoms, your doctor may refer your case to a physiotherapist. By providing proper exercise and movement to the neck and shoulder muscles, you can relieve the pain of spondylosis.
• MedicationsYour doctor may suggest several medications, including muscle relaxants, anti-epileptic drugs, narcotics, steroid injections, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).
• SurgeryIf the condition becomes severe, surgery of the affected area remains the only way to relieve pain.

Home Remedies for Spondylosiss

• Regular exerciseOne of the main causes of spondylosis is lack of regular exercise. Therefore, you can reduce pain and stiffness around your neck and shoulders by incorporating regular exercise into your lifestyle like walking and swimming.
• GarlicIts anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties help treat pain, swelling, and inflammation in the surrounding areas of the neck.
• Hot and cold compressesApply hot and cold compresses to the affected area. Warm compresses increase blood circulation and relaxes inflamed muscles. Cold compresses reduce swelling and inflammation.
• TurmericTurmeric is another popular remedy for cervical spondylosis. Due to its anti-inflammatory properties, it increases blood flow which reduces muscle stiffness and soreness. For this- Mix 1 teaspoon of turmeric powder in a glass of milk, add a little honey. Drink 2 times a day.
• Sesame seedsA popular Ayurvedic remedy for cervical spondylosis is sesame seeds. These are high in calcium, magnesium, copper, manganese, zinc, phosphorus, and vitamins K and D, which are good for bones and overall health. Sesame oil is also effective in relieving neck pain.
• GingerGinger is widely used to treat cervical spondylosis as this herb is rich in anti-inflammatory properties and improves blood circulation.
• NeemNeem has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties that can reduce pain, inflammation and swelling in the neck.
• Apple cider vinegarIt is rich in anti-inflammatory properties which is a good remedy for spondylosis. It can effectively relieve pain and inflammation in the neck or affected region of the spine.

When to visit a doctor?

Call your doctor if

• Your condition is getting worse in terms of pain, swelling or loss of sensation over that particular region.
• If stiffness over the affected region is too much.
• You develop new symptoms (for example, loss of movement).
• You develop symptoms like fainting or nausea after movement of the affected region.

Hypersomnia is a neurological condition that causes excessive sleepiness during the day or excessive time spent sleeping. People with hypersomnia have trouble staying awake during the day, even after long stretches of sleep during the night. They have difficulty functioning during the day as their attention, concentration and energy levels are impaired and affected.

The need to sleep can occur at any time including at work or while driving, making the condition potentially dangerous. Lack of attention and concentration can be there in people whose jobs request high levels of attention and time. For eg. In health care, it can result in injuries to patients and to self.

Types of Hypersomnia

Hypersomnia can be of two types- primary or secondary. Primary hypersomnia is less common than secondary hypersomnia.

• Primary hypersomniaPrimary hypersomnia occurs in the absence of other medical disorders. The only symptom is excessive fatigue.
• Secondary hypersomniaThis is due to other medical disorders such as sleep apnea, Parkinson's disease, kidney failure and chronic fatigue syndrome. This condition causes lack of sleep at night, leaving you feeling tired during the day.

Causes of Hypersomnia

The exact cause of hypersomnia is largely unknown. However, there are several possible causes, including

• Sleep disorders- In most cases, sleep disorders cause excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). When a person does not get enough sleep at night, it causes fatigue and sleepiness during the day. The two main sleep disorders that cause hypersomnia are narcolepsy and sleep apnea. Narcolepsy is a central nervous system disorder that causes daytime sleepiness, sleep paralysis, hallucinations, muscle weakness and difficulty sleeping at night, while sleep apnea is a breathing disorder in which the airways are blocked by tissues of the throat and mouth (soft palate). This causes snoring and sleep disturbance.
• Sleep deprivationThis is often the most common cause of hypersomnia and can be cured with adequate sleep and short naps during the day. Sleep deprivation is most often caused by stress, little or no exercise, vitamin D deficiency or poor diet.
• Neurological diseasesNeurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis or even a head injury can exhibit symptoms similar to hypersomnia. When excessive daytime sleepiness develops after a head injury, it is called post-traumatic hypersomnia. It is not hypersomnolence, but has some of the same symptoms. Excessive sleepiness is also one of the early signs of a brain tumor, even when other symptoms are absent. results. Then rinse off.
• ObesityBeing overweight can lead to a number of health problems, including EDS. If a person is obese, he or she is more likely to suffer from sleep apnea because fatty tissue in the throat and soft palate obstruct the airways in the supine position. Difficulty breathing causes unhealthy sleep, multiple episodes of breathing upon awakening and snoring. This leads to sleep deprivation and hypersomnia.
• Substance AbuseAddiction problems such as substance abuse are often at the root of a number of sleep disorders. Withdrawal can cause insomnia, sleep apnea, and other disorders. Prolonged use of prescribed drugs can also cause sleep disturbances, which interfere with normal body functions. All of these lead to sleep disturbances at night and excessive sleepiness during the day. Smoking, caffeine, and other lifestyle problems also cause hypersomnia.
• GeneticsIf anyone in your family has or ever had a sleep disorder or hypersomnia, they may have a higher risk of EDS.

Symptoms of Hypersomnia

Hypersomnia is primarily defined by excessive sleepiness or sleeping more than 10 hours at night. The symptoms are

• Difficulty while walking.
• Confusion upon waking.
• Desire to take a nap.
• Anxiety.
• Irritation and restlessness.
• Lack of energy.
• Memory and speech problems.
• Slow thinking.
• Loss of appetite.
• Hallucination.

Diagnosis of Hypersomnia

To make a diagnosis, the doctor will review your symptoms and medical history. He or she might order several tests to diagnose your condition. They include

• Sleep diaryDoctor may ask you to keep a sleep diary where you can record sleep patterns to help track sleep.
• Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS)This is intended to measure daytime sleepiness by using a very short questionnaire. Doctors may ask you to rate your sleepiness with this tool to determine the severity.
• Multiple sleep latency testIn this test, you take a monitored nap during the day to measure sleepiness and the type of sleep you experience. A machine called a polysomnogram monitors the brain activity, heart rate, eye and leg movements and breathing functions.

Treatment for Hypersomnia

There are several treatments that may improve quality of life, depending on the cause of hypersomnia. These include

• MedicationsPrescribed medications like modafinil, methylphenidate and amphetamine are effective in helping you to stay awake during the day.

Lifestyle changes

The doctor may recommend

• Getting on a regular sleeping schedule.
• Avoiding activities, such as working late at night.
• Taking a high nutrition diet to maintain optimum energy levels.
• Avoiding alcohol and drugs that can affect sleep.

When to see a doctor?

You should see a doctor for hypersomnia if:

• You fall asleep regularly during the daytime.
• Excessive sleepiness interferes with your daily life.
• You snore very loudly or wake up gasping for air at night.